• Lung cancer in nonsmokers

Involuntary smoking increases:

• The frequency of respiratory infections and symptoms in the children of parents who smoke

Smokeless tobacco is a cause of:

• Oral Cancer
• Oral leukoplakia

* All statements about causality are taken from various Reports of the Surgeon General and are summarized in the 1989 Report of the Surgeon General (pages 20-21) with the exception of the statements about bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and oral leukoplakia. Tobacco smoking was reported to be a cause of bladder cancer and a contributing factor for cervical cancer in the 1990 Report of the Surgeon General. Smokeless tobacco was stated to be “responsible for the development of a portion of oral leukoplakias in both teenage and adult users” in the 1986 Report of Smokeless Tobacco.

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